In the summaries, I have two categories. First, I have detailed explanations of some of the major suggestions and theories. Following that, I have a masterlist where all the suggestions I could find are listed. Have a read-through and see if any of the suggestions sparks your interest.
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First, I would like to thank El Barto, Albus Dumbledore, El Verte Veritas, 62442al_Man and hp6 for helping me write this.
Ok, many of us are wondering about the identity of the mysterious R.A.B. at the end of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Well, before we start, perhaps we should look again at what the note said:
QUOTE
To the Dark Lord
I know I will be dead long before you read this, but I want you to know that it was I who discovered your secret. I have stolen the real Horcrux and intend to destroy it as soon as I can. I face death in the hope that when you meet your match you will be mortal once more.
R.A.B.
I know I will be dead long before you read this, but I want you to know that it was I who discovered your secret. I have stolen the real Horcrux and intend to destroy it as soon as I can. I face death in the hope that when you meet your match you will be mortal once more.
R.A.B.
When we read this, several questions about RAB come to mind:
Who was/were RAB?
How did he/she/they find out about Voldemort's horcrux? (see this thread)
Did someone help him/her/them get the horcrux, and if so, who?
Let's see if we can answer some of these.
Popular RAB suggestions
The following are some of the more popular suggestions for the identity of RAB. Each has a reason for it and a reason against it.
Regulus Black
For: by savingharry
Regulus Black is the current fan favorite for RAB. As a death eater, it is possible that he might have found out about the horcruxes and the location of one of them. Though some may find this questionable, Regulus as RAB is still the most popular theory because there are numerous facts that support it. First, the name fits, and there are two “A” family names, Arcturus and Alphard, (as well as several other names that are related astronomically) that could be his middle name. Steve Ark from HP Lexicon reportedly posted information in the Lexicon for a time about Regulus’s middle name being “Arcturus” before the Black Family Tree (where the name “Arcturus” was revealed) was released, and still adamantly claims the information was “from Jo” (through a reliable source). A Portuguese translator made a similar claim. Secondly Regulus was a death eater, and RAB called Voldemort by the death eater name of “Dark Lord.” Thirdly, Regulus was killed for backing out of Voldemort’s service, and RAB said that he/she would be dead before the note was found, meaning retubution for the theft of the locket was not the reason RAB expected to be dead. Fourthly, the “B” in RAB is changed in several foreign-language editions of HBP to match the first letter of “Black” in that language (Regulus Zwarts and RAZ in the Dutch and Regulus Svaart and RAS in the Norwegian). Finally, JK Rowling herself has said that Regulus would be “a fine guess” for RAB, stating that “clever readers” should be able to figure out the mystery at the end book 6, as well as one of the horcruxes.
A couple theories related to this: First, some theorize that Kreacher could have been ordered to assist Regulus, answering the question of how he got past the potion. Second, there is a related theory about the locket in #12 Grimmauld Place (see the 7 Horcrux thread for more info).
Against: by hp6 and savingharry
It is very easy to fit Regulus and RAB together when we know so very little about him. All we know is his name, (which may not have an A initial), and that he was a death eater. Also from what Sirius has told us, it doesn’t seem that he was an expert wizard. If Dumbledore needed Harry to get the horcrux, and still had a hard time getting to the horcrux, how could a seventeen-year-old boy? Even if he took Kreacher, as some believe, how could he have sensed the boat as Dumbledore did, or known about the blood sacrifice? Regulus did not have enough experience to be able to steal the horcrux. How did he even know of horcruxes, or the cave, or known to bring a locket? How did he know so much of Voldemort’s past, when it took Dumbledore so many years to unravel the mystery? Regulus is easy to fit to RAB, but that is only because we know so little about him. In fact, it seems that he is too easy. Rowling is known for her complicated plots, and we’ve figured it out already? It could also be that the “B” in RAB is a code containing the word “Black,” which would answer the question of the letter “B.”
For discussion on how Regulus could or could not have known about the horcrux, see this thread.
Aberforth Dumbledore
For: by 62442al_Man and savingharry
First, let us look at the names of the two Dumbledore brothers, as far as canon points to. Albus’s name is Albus Perival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore. You will notice that Albus has three middle names (Percival Wulfric Brian or PWB). Aberforth could have three middle names, too (RAB). That would make him ARABD, just as Albus is APWBD. The note indicates a need for identification (“it was I who discovered your secret”). This would be explained by Aberforth constantly being in his brother’s shadow. The note could either be addressed to Albus or to Voldemort. This would explain the issue of the “inappropriate charms on a goat,” as it would mean that Aberforth could have been attempting to retrieve a beazor. The assumption would be that Aberforth would have used the beazor to get past the potion in the cave. All signs and indications point to Aberforth being the barman at the Hog’s Head (whom Albus says he is “friendly with”), and he seems to be the type of little-mentioned character that will have importance in a later book. We know that Aberforth was in the order, and it has been suggested that he is Rowling’s “favorite order member” that we have yet to meet.
Against: by savingharry
There are many complaints against this popular RAB suggestion. The first is that Albus constantly jokes about Aberforth being none-too-bright (comments about him not being able to read, etc.). Of course, Albus could simply have been joking. A second complaint is that the “B” name in Aberforth would, for all rights and purposes, need to be “Black” to fit into the way that RAB is translated into other languages. Thirdly, the issue of Albus being the intended recipient seems unlikely, because the note should have been addressed to him. If Voldemort was truly the intended recipient, then wouldn’t Aberforth used the initials “ARABD” not “RAB”? Suggestions that the letters “A” and “D” were hidden or worn off seem too convenient. Finally, it could be that Aberforth will be important to the plot in some other way. Perhaps Aberforth is the one that has the locket now, having bought it from Mundungus (see the 7 horcruxes thread for more info).
Voldemort
For: by savingharry
The concept behind this theory is that Voldemort himself created the cave as a deception, or at least the locket. The suggestion is that Voldemort used this as a ruse to capture or confuse anyone who attempted to get the locket. The locket could either be somewhere else entirely, or be around the neck of the inferi that jumped when Harry summoned the horcrux (or somewhere else in the cave). Harry would then need to return to the cave to retrieve the locket. This would answer the question of where RAB got the locket from.
Against: by savingharry
The problem with this theory is four-fold. First, what would be the point, from a story-telling perspective? Why have Harry return to the cave? Furthermore, why give Harry another hidden horcrux to find? He already has two horcruxes that are possibly magically hidden (the cup and the object of Gryffindor’s or Ravenclaw’s). No need for a third hidden item. All it would do would complicate what Harry had to do, and would mean that Voldemort would be aware of Harry’s intent (if it was a “trap,” the Voldemort would need to have some way to know that the horcrux was taken). Secondly, if it was truly a trap, then why were Harry and Dumbledore able to leave? Shouldn’t there have been a better magical barrier than inferi for such a plan to be profitable? Thirdly, would Voldemort really conceive of such a plan? Dumbledore tells us that Voldemort was to arrogant to think that anyone could truly discover the horcruxes and get past the barriers. He would not conceive of trapping a would-be thief. He would assume that his barriers would be enough to prevent anyone passing through. Finally, we do not need such a far-out theory to explain where the locket came from. We have seen wizards conjure items before (Hermione’s birds and Dumbledore’s armchairs). A wizard able to get past the other obstacles should also be able to conjure a locket.
Snape
For: by El Barto
Snape as RAB would have to rely on two assumptions. The first assumption is that Dumbledore removed the enchantments from the Astronomy Tower, including the enchantments regarding apparition. Before Harry investigated the locket more closely, Snape could have escaped from Buckbeak when he was running from Harry, then apparated back to the tower. While Harry was helping Hagrid put out the fire to his hut, Snape could have switched the lockets, taking the real one and placing a fake next to him. The motive behind all this stems from another assumption: that he and Dumbledore had some sort of plan from the get go, or, at least, after Snape's vow with Narcissa. Snape, under Dumbledore's orders and with allegiance even after death, initialed the letter with RAB meaning some sort of code (such as Reign, Allegiance, Blood), or possibly something pointing to Dumbledore so as not to harm another person should Voldemort find the note.
Against: by El Barto and savingharry
As the saying goes, Snape already has enough on his plate. Not only would he be RAB, but he'd also be the Half-Blood Prince. This seems a lot for Snape to be doing in the book. Also, stealing the locket (and taking credit) might seriously endanger his position as spy. You would think that, if Snape had stolen the locket, he'd have not left a note. Using Dumbledore for misdirection doesn't entirely make sense, because, as is said with regards to Dumbledore himself taking the locket, wouldn't he be an obvious choice for Voldemort, making the note unnessessary? Another problem is that Dumbledore, though he was headmaster, and had the ability to lift the enchantment in the Great Hall for apparition lessons within that room, might not be able to lift the anti-apparition enchantment throughout the school in such a way to allow apparition overall. Remember, the apparition teacher told the students not to try to apparate outside the room during lessons. If the enchantments weren't lifted, then he'd have a tough time making his way back to the Astronomy tower undetected.
For discussion on how snape could or couldn't have known about the horcruxes, see this thread.
Albus Dumledore
For: by Albus Dumbledore (well, if Dumbledore says so...
This theory focuses on the possibility of Dumbledore being R.A.B. as a pen-name. I think the main purpose behind this would be to show Harry the real life issues with finding the Horcruxes, not just mere memories. We saw in the fifth book, the emphasis that was placed on practicing things rather than just reading the theory, this was the whole premise for the creation of Dumbledore's Army. I think Dumbledore was planning this for a while, seeing as he invited him subtly well before the actual date. I think he gathered word that Draco's plan was coming into fruition, and he whisked Harry off to the coastal Horcrux hideaway, where he already took the locket, to give Harry a hands-on approach at hunting horcruxes. He could have planned this solely for the fact that he knew he was going to die that night... Dumbledore may have even written letters to Harry to be sent at certain times, with the pen-name R.A.B., to help Harry anonymously, even though he is dead, this could be the "role" JKR speaks of.
Against: by savingharry
The problem with Dumbledore being RAB is the question of the note itself. What would be the motivation of writing a note to Voldemort within the letter, just to retrieve it? Wouldn't it make more sense for Dumbledore to write a note to Harry within it, explaining what he had done just in case he died before explaining it? Also, why would Dumbledore endanger Harry like that just for a lesson? He would have known the effects of the potion if he had gone before. He would know that he would be too weak to help Harry fight the inferi. The two barely escaped them. Also, Dumbledore seemed to be showing genuine surprise at the things protecting the locket. His attempts to find ways past the protections seem sincere. You would think that, if Dumbledore was using the retrieval as an exercise, he would have simply told Harry as much, and explained along the way how to do what he was doing. After all, Dumbledore himself has said that the truth is always preferable to lies.
Amy Benson (the muggle girl the child Riddle took to the cave)
For: by savingharry
The reasons Amy Benson has been proposed are simple. First, she knew where the cave was. Secondly, her name matches the initials RAB (perhaps her name is R. Amy Benson and she goes by her middle name). How do we know that Benson wasn't a witch? Couldn't there be some way that she was actually a witch and took the locket? She might have discovered the locket upon entering the cave, and, recognizing the magic and guessing whose it was, stolen the locket. Conversely, couldn't RAB stand for "Remember Amy Benson?" Wouldn't that make sense? Not a signature at all, but merely a reminder of the evil done in this cave?
Against: by savingharry
The use of Amy Benson as RAB is problematic because first, she is a muggle, or we aren't told otherwise at any rate. For a person to get past the enchantments, they would need to be a wizard. If Benson was a witch, wouldn't Dumbledore have told Harry this? Also, wouldn't Benson being a witch prevent Voldemort from doing evil things to her? Didn't Harry always perform magic when frightened? I doubt very highly that Benson was a witch, and thus there is no way she could be RAB. For a rebuttal to the "Remember Amy Benson," look to the "against" response to the "RAB Code" theory.
Amelia Bones's mother
For: by savingharry and El Verte Veritas
We know that the middle name of Amelia Bones, the witch from the ministry that is the aunt of Susan Bones, is Susan, that is, she is Amelia Susan Bones. Being that Susan's first name is taken from the middle name of the previous generation, couldn't Amelia's name, Amelia, come from the middle name of her mother, Susan's grandmother? Susan's mother could then be named R. Amelia Bones. We know that Susan's grandparents were killed in the 1970s by Voldemort. Seeing as we know that RAB was expecting death unrelated to the locket being stolen, wouldn't this explain the type of death RAB was expecting? Perhaps Amelia Bones was killed because she knew about Voldemort's horcruxes. Also, RAB could be "Remember Amelia Bones," referring to either Susan Bones' grandmother or aunt, both of whom were killed by Voldemort.
Against: by savingharry
The problem with Bones as RAB is a question of discovery. While the other potentials discussed here had reasonable reasons to find out about Voldemort's horcruxes, we have no way that Bones might have found out. Snape and Regulus were death eaters, and might have found out about them that way. It took Dumbledore, the cleverest wizard of his age, a long time to figure out about the horcruxes and the location of the locket. How would Bones have figured out? Also, what plotlines would this open up for the book, once the identity was discovered? Any tracking down of the locket would require the introduction of too many new characters, and Rowling has already said that she would not introduce any new major characters.
RAB Theories
RAB is a code for something else
For: by savingharry
Many people have theorized that RAB might not stand for the person’s actual name. One suggestion is that RAB could be a pen-name of some sort or stand for a secret nickname similar to “Half-Blood Prince.” Others have theorized that RAB stands for two or three people (Rodolphus And Bellatrix was one suggestion. Another popular suggestion was “Rubeus [Hagrid], Albus [Dumbledore], Bill [Weasley]”). Still others theorize that RAB could stand for a code unrelated to their name, such as the suggestion of “Reign, Allegiance, Blood” for Snape. The possibilities are numerous. It has even been suggested that the code might contain the word “Black,” which would answer the question of the translations of the letter B.
Against: hp6 and savingharry
First, in the note, RAB repeatedly uses the word I (singular). RAB would not write the note in singular, claiming sole credit for finding the secret, and then at the last second sign the note for another person(s). JKR wrote the note in singular, meaning that the signature is also singular. Otherwise, the note would not match the signature. Also, remember that he/she is taking credit for their hard work and courage for taking on Voldemort like that. He/she wants Voldemort to know that they were the one who found his secret, which makes me think Voldemort was familiar with the initials. Therefore, not only would group names be counted out (because using one initial is not truly “identification”), but so would most secret phrases or nicknames. Voldemort would have to be familiar enough with the phrase to identify it by its initials, and to know the person by the initials. Simply being a phrase used by death-eaters would not even be enough, because it would not identify who it was that stole the locket. The only reasonable possibility along these lines would be of a nickname that is known by Voldemort, such as using HBP for Half-Blood Prince, and this would limit the possibilities to those closest to Voldemort. The final word being “black” also seems unlikely, because the letters “R” and “A” are not translated, and “B” is not translated in every language. In fact, this lack of translation makes the entire “code” theory unlikely.
Slughorn gave RAB information
For: by savingharry
One of the main questions about RAB is how he/she/they got the information about Voldemort having made a horcrux. So far, the only people we know that had information about the horcruxes (until Dumbledore told Harry, who subsequently told Ron and Hermione) were Dumbledore, Voldemort, and Slughorn. Could it be that Slughorn gave someone information about his conversation with Riddle? Possibly, he could have been given incentive to answer by someone of import, or by being given something in return (finances, influence, etc.). Or, otherwise, he could have been tricked into answering in the same way Harry got him to give him his memory.
Against: by savingharry
The problem with Slughorn giving information about the horcrux to RAB is Slughorn's strong resistance to it, even from Dumbledore. If Dumbledore, the most powerful and influential wizard of his time, could not obtain the information about RAB from Slughorn, then how do we expect RAB to do so? It seems unlikely that Slughorn wanted to give that information to anyone. Only Harry, under the influence of Felix Felicis, was able to abstract the memory from Slughorn.
RAB Masterlist
The following is the complete list of names I came across as suggestions for RAB either by themselves or as part of a group. The list is divided into those whose name could be "RAB" and those whose name could not. This is not meant to imply that those whose initials are not RAB are less likely, but is merely a tool for organizing the information.
People whose names could match RAB:
Regulus Black (Regulus A. Black)
Aberforth Dumbledore (Albus has three middle names- APWBD and Aberforth could too- ARABD)
Rodolphus and Bellatrix Lestrange (Rodolphus A Bellatrix)
Amy Benson (R. Amy Benson or "Remember Amy Benson")
Amelia Susan Bones (as "Remember Amelia Bones")
Amelia Bones's mother (as R. Amelia Bones or "Remember Amelia Bones.")
Borgin (we don't know his first name. Could be R A Borgin)
Madam Rosmerta (we don't have any other names for her. Could be Rosmerta AB)
Augustus Rookwood (suggested surname first as Rookwood Agustus B.)
Rosalind Antigone Bungs
Rupert 'Axebanger' Brookstanton
The "Brutal-Faced Death Eater" (BFDE) in the tower in HBP- (it has been suggested that this may have been Regulus Black)
People whose names do not match RAB:
Snape
Albus Dumbledore
Rubeus Hagrid
Bill Weasley
Arabella Figg
Rabastan Lestrange (Rodolphus Lestrange’s brother who helped torture the Longbottoms)
Barty Crouch Jr.
Horace Slughorn
Caractacus Burke
James Potter
Alastor Moody
Reamus Lupin
Rufus Scrimgeour
The Longbottoms
Igor Karkharoff
Mr. Ollivander
Professor Binns (apparently his first name is “Cuthbert”)
Some other minor Hogwarts professor