First off, there isnt an anti disaparition jinx on hogwarts, you cant apparate there because of the density of the magic in the air. Also, we never saw dumbledore cast an anti-disaparition jinx on the death eaters. It might be very complex and take a while.
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the only other escape was the fireplaces (Floo Powder) and if he lowered his guard even for a second to throw some Floo Powder in the grate Dumbledore would have disarmed him before he could blink
Think about what you said here. If voldemort would have lowered his defenses for a second dumbledore would have disarmed him. If dumbledore would have lowered his defenses to cast an anti-aparition jinx than voldemort would have disarmed him.
another theory is that dumbledore (knowing he would not be able to kill voldemort) didnt want him to have to stay there. He was terrified of what voldemort could and would do if he was cornered. You saw how he tried to possess harry and how much it scared dumbledore; he probably wanted voldemort to get out of there as fast as possible before he killed someone. He didnt need him to stick around for proof, he had about 10 death eaters in robes trapped in the department of mysteries, that would have been plenty of proof that voldemort was back